考研英语最重要的从句——状语从句
考研英语最重要的从句——状语从句
状语从句是任何英语考试的热门考点。或许很多考生认为这类从句非常简单，从初中考试就接触过，实则不然。考研英语试卷中出现的频率很高，完型考逻辑，阅读更是重要，可以辅助定位段落主旨，也可以通过从句推测出作者的态度，甚至一些状语从句特殊到很多人没见过，比如where/as much as可以作为让步状语从句的连接词。
一、定义
状语从句就即从句在句中充当状语成分，其功能相当于副词或副词短语，所有又可以称
之为副词性从句。
He came last week.
他上周来的。
He came at 10 am.
他上午十点钟来的。
He came when I was watching TV.
他来的时候我正在看电视。
划线部分无论是两个词last week，三个词 at 10 am, 还是从句 when I was watching TV,都是主谓He came的时间状语，所以它们的功能是一样的。
二、状语从句的分类（按考研分值及重要性排序）
1. 让步状语从句
①尽管/虽然：though, although, even though, even if, even when, even as, while, whereas, where, despite the fact that, for all that, as much as
【真题例句】
How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research. (2020 英一阅读新题型)
尽管这是当前研究的主题，但整个图像如何被组合和感知仍然是一个谜。
Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. (2016 英二阅读Text 4)
回顾过去，他惊讶地发现，即使他的父母都没有完成大学学业，但依然能在他小时候为孩子们提供舒适的生活。
While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. (2020 英一阅读新题型)
虽然眼神交流在友好的场合可能是一种联系或信任的标志，但在敌对的场合，它更可能与支配或恐吓联系在一起。
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. (2000 阅读Passage 5)
对抱负的抨击之辞非常多，而且抨击的角度也各不相同；虽然公开为抱负辩解的人并不是毫无吸引力，但却寥寥无几而且效果平淡无奇。
In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. (2010 英一阅读Text 2)
2005年，IBM在向法庭提供一份文件中提到，尽管公司质疑授予这些专利的法律依据，但还是被授予了300多项商业方法专利。
【考题链接】——务必重做一遍
1
Even if you feel tempted to sacrifice your own vacation days for fake busyness, though, at least consider leaving your weekends unscheduled. It's for your own good.
What does the author advise us to do at the end of the passage?
A) Schedule our time properly for efficiency.
B) Plan our weekends in a meaningful way.
C) Find time to relax however busy we are.
D) Avoid appearing busy when we are not.
2
①When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. ②A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".
Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
Full-time employment is a new international trend.
The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
3
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR.
When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record _____
comes across as reliable evidence. 4 ①Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. ②They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. ③Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. ④Or, put another way, expert performers—whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming—are nearly always made, not born. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that _____. talent is a dominating factor for professional success biographical data provide the key to excellent performance 5 Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with leadership—that is, it predicted the opposite. ⑤Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests? Supportive. Skeptical. 6 As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere. The author believes that the new awards are _______. acceptable despite the criticism. harmful to the culture of research. ② whether 【真题例句】 Whether you're a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you," said Minson. (2020 英一阅读新题型) 明森说过：“无论你是一名政治家还是一位家长，记住，如果你试图说服一个与你有不同信仰的人，那么保持眼神交流可能会适得其反。” She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. (2013 英一阅读Text 1) 无论是在食品方面还是在能源方面，她展示了许多可持续发展倡导者所认同的理想主义。 ③特殊疑问词+ever 【真题例句】 A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. (2013 英一翻译) 安宁的圣地是人类特有的需求，无论怎样疏于雕琢，它仍与遮风挡雨之所不同，后者反应的是动物特有的需求。 And interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. (2018 英一阅读Text 4) 并且，从邮政联盟到贺卡制造商等利益集团出于一己之利对美国邮政署的最终监管机构国会施加压力，坚称无论邮政服务发生什么变化，他们所依赖的现状的方方面面都会得到保护。 【考题链接】 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be—even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right—it can hardly be classed as Literature. This passage is mainly__________. a survey of new approaches to art a review of Futurist poetry 2. 原因状语从句 常用连词：because, as, since, now that, in that, on the ground(s) that, seeing that, considering that 【真题例句】 Successive governments have permitted such increases on the grounds that the cost of investing in and running the rail network should be borne by those who use it, rather than the general taxpayer. (2021 英一阅读Text 1) 历届政府都允许这种增长，因为投资和运营铁路网的成本应由使用铁路网的人承担，而不是由普通纳税人承担。 Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. (2019 英一阅读Text 2) 由于学生和家长都希望大学学位能带来一份工作，因此，培养出尽可能合格或至少看起来合格的毕业生是学校的最大利益所在。 There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. (2018 英一阅读Text 4) 美国邮政署劳资双方的集体谈判没有任何进展，这是一个重大疏漏，因为员工占了该机构成本的80%。 Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made. (2008 阅读新题型) 既然你已经把话题展开，且形成了初步的论题，那么你就可以整理笔记，并充实已拟好的任何提纲。 【考题链接】 1 This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science. (2015 英二阅读T2) Recruiting more first-generation students has _____. narrowed the achievement gap 2 ①Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. ②Summer homes, European travel, BMWs—the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. ③What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because_____. their pursuits are not fame or wealth 3 翻译： I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. 3. 结果状语从句 常用连词或短语：so...that..., such...that..., so that..., such that... She was so angry that she couldn’t speak. 她气得说不出话来 He didn’t plan his time very well, so that he didn’t finish the work in time. 他没有计划好时间，所以未能及时完成工作。 Sunlight is such an important energy that we cannot live without it. 太阳光是非常重要的能量，因此没有阳光我们就不能生存。 It was such a bad accident that several people got injured. 那是一场非常严重的事故，以至于有几个人受了伤。 His courage is such that he does not know the meaning of fear. 他非常勇敢，根本不知道害怕是什么意思。 Such was his anxiety that he couldn’t stop trembling. 他是如此焦虑以至于他不能停止发抖。 【考题链接】 1 翻译： His analysis should therefore end any self-contentedness among those who may believe that the global position of English is so stable that the young generations of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities. (2017 英一翻译) 2 翻译： He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. (2019 英二翻译) 3 “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’ .” Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on? It is writers’ duty to fulfill journalistic goals. It is contemptible for writers to be journalists. 4. 比较状语从句 常用连词或短语：as… as, than She looked as ill as she sounded on the phone. 她的样子和她在电话里说话的声音一样虚弱。 His eyes aren’t quite as blue as they look in the film. 他的眼睛不像在电影里见到的那么蓝。 He’s never more annoying than when he’s trying to help. 他试图帮忙的时候，总是让人更讨厌他。 【考题链接】 1 For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the 80s, downshifting in the mid-90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life—growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one—as a personal recognition of your limitations. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the US as a result of _______. man's adventurous spirit 2 But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. 5. 目的状语从句 常用连词或短语：so that, in order that, lest, in case, for fear that 【真题例句】 The Government has pledged to change the law to introduce a minimum service requirement, so that, even when strikes occur, services can continue to operate. (2021 英一阅读Text 1) 政府已承诺修改法律，以引入最低服务要求，这样即使发生罢工的时候，服务仍能继续运转。 They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. (2003 阅读Text 2) 他们应该及时回复编辑的来信，以免动物权利的误导言论畅行无阻，披上真理的外衣行骗。 (unchallenged此处并非“无挑战”之意，而是“无阻挡的，未受检查的”) 对比： We will start earlier for fear that we should be late. We will start earlier in case we should be late. We will start earlier lest we should be late. We will start earlier in order that we should not be late. We will start earlier so that we should not be late. We will start earlier that we should not be late. (so省略，见下文) 上述六个句子，都是一个意思：我们将早些动身，以防迟到。 补充：so that 与so...that区别 l so that既可以引导目的状语从句，也可以连接结果状语从句。 ①表达目的时，表示想要达到某个结果的意愿动机，并非事实，所以从句中常带有can, could, may, might, will等情态动词。而且在现代英语中，so that引导目的状语从句时，so可以省略。 More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release. (2020 英一阅读Text 2) 英国一半以上的科研成果现在都是以开放获取的方式发表的：要么从发表之日起免费获取，要么付费一年或更长时间，这样出版商就可以在正式发行前获利。 ②表达结果时，表示客观事实，所以从句中常无情态动词，一般要用逗号和主句隔开。 The teacher spoke at the top of her voice so that the students at the back could hear her. 老师说话声音很高，这样后面的同学就能听见她的声音。(目的状语从句） The teacher spoke at the top of her voice, so that the students at the back heard her. 老师说话声音很高，所以后面的同学都听见了她的声音。(结果状语从句) We went early so that we might/could fulfill our task on time. 我们去得早，以便能按时完成任务。（目的状语从句） We went early, so that we fulfilled our task on time. 我们去得早，所以我们按时完成了任务。（结果状语从句） l so...that只能连接结果状语从句，既可以省略so也可以省略that，但不能同时都省略。 He had got criticized seriously that he was depressed? 他被批评得很厉害，所以很郁闷。 It was so cold I could hardly keep still. 天气太冷了，我无法保持一动不动。 6. 条件状语从句 常用连词或短语：if, unless, suppose, supposing that, assuming that, providing that, provided that, given that, in case, on condition that, as(so) long as 【真题例句】 The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an "important" policy interest. (2020 英一阅读Text 3) 美国最高法院不赞成基于性别的分类，除非这些分类旨在解决“重要”政策的利害关系。 The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn't have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office, the business didn't have to collect sales tax for the state. (2019 英一阅读Text 4) 最高法院推翻的案件表明，如果一家企业将客户购买的商品运送到一个没有像仓库或办公室等实体店的州，那么该企业就不需要为该州征收销售税。 This is an adequate amount so long as it is aimed in the right direction. (2013 英一阅读新题型) 只要方向正确，这笔资金是足够的。 【考题链接】 If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition—wealth, distinction, control over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ____. its returns well compensate for the sacrifices it is rewarded with money, fame and power 7. 方式状语从句 常用连词或短语：in the same way that, as if/as though, like 【真题例句】 But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston. (2011 英一阅读Text 4) 但有趣的是，我们每周看到的那些无忧无虑、倍感幸福的父母形象，难道不会以某种微小、潜意识的方式促使我们对现实情况感到不满吗？这就好像我们有少数人希望剪个“瑞秋”发型，这样可能会让我们看起来有点像詹妮弗·安妮斯顿(瑞秋的扮演者)。 Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered to be forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (2012 英一翻译) 正如人类各种令人眼花缭乱的求偶仪式可能都被认为是对性的选择一样，也许世界上的语言、音乐、社会和宗教习俗甚至历史都受到这种普遍性的制约。 Most importantly, it constantly modifies and enhances the games you play to build on the strengths you are developing—much like an effective exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use. (2014 英一完型) 最重要的是，它会不间断地调整和升级你所玩的游戏，以建立你所发展的优势，就像一个有效的日常锻炼需要你增加阻力并改变你肌肉的锻炼方式一样。 Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. (2014 英一翻译) 贝多芬的音乐往往会从混沌转向有序，仿佛秩序是人类生存的必要条件。 8. 时间状语从句 常用连词：after, as, before, since, once, till, until, when, whenever, while等 常用词组：each time, every time, the next time, the instant, the minute, the moment等 【真题例句】 When it comes to AI in business, we often hear about it in relation to automation and the impending loss of jobs, but in what ways is AI changing companies and the larger economy that don’t involve doom-and-gloom mass unemployment predictions? (2021 英一阅读新题型) 当谈到商业中的人工智能时，我们经常听到它与自动化和即将到来的失业有关，但是人工智能在哪些方面改变了企业和更大的经济体制，而不涉及厄运和悲观的大规模失业预言？ Last year, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) found in a secret check that undercover investigators were able to sneak weapons — both fake and real — past airport security nearly every time they tried. (2017 英一阅读Text 1) 去年，美国运输安全管理局（TSA）在一次秘密检查中发现，卧底调查人员几乎每次尝试都能将假武器和真武器偷偷带过机场安检。 Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. (2014 英一阅读新题型) 卡特在国王谷的废墟中搜寻了七年才在1922年找到了墓穴。 Most of us give in to a demoralization of spirit which we usually blame on some psychological conditions, until one day we find ourselves in a garden and feel the oppression vanish as if by magic. (2013 英一翻译) 大多数人会陷入精神萎靡的状态，我们通常把这种萎靡归咎于某种心理疾病，直到有一天，我们发现自己身处花园中，竟奇迹般感到压力全无。 9. 地点状语从句（非重点） 常用连词：where, wherever, everywhere Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。 They went wherever they could find a job. 哪里能找到工作，他们就去哪里。 He was warmly welcomed everywhere he went. 无论到哪里，他都受到热烈欢迎。